Quick Start

On this page

Overview

Before You Get Started
Procedure
Create a Customer Master Key
Create a Unique Index on your Key Vault collection
Create a Data Encryption Key
Configure the MongoClient
Insert a Document with Encrypted Fields
Retrieve Your Encrypted Document
Learn More

Queryable Encryption is generally available (GA) in MongoDB 7.0. To learn more, see Queryable Encryption.

Overview

This guide shows you how to encrypt a document with automatic Client-Side Field Level Encryption (CSFLE) and a MongoDB driver.

After completing this guide, you should have the following knowledge and software:

Knowledge of the steps to configure a driver to encrypt fields in a document.
A working, but not production-ready, client application that utilizes automatic Client-Side Field Level Encryption.

Important

Do Not Use this Application In Production

Since this example application stores an encryption key on your application's filesystem, you risk unauthorized access to the key or loss of the key to decrypt your data.

To view a tutorial that demonstrates how to create a production-ready CSFLE-enabled application, see Tutorials.

Before You Get Started

To complete and run the code in this guide, you need to set up your development environment as shown in the Installation Requirements page.

Select the programming language for which you want to see code examples for from the Select your language dropdown menu on the right side of the page.

Tip

See: Full Application

To view the complete runnable application code for this tutorial, go to the following link:

Complete C# Application

Complete Go Application

Complete Java Application

Complete Node.js Application

Complete Python Application

Procedure

// You are viewing the C# driver code examples.
// Use the dropdown menu to select a different driver.

// You are viewing the Golang driver code examples.
// Use the dropdown menu to select a different driver.

// You are viewing the Java synchronous driver code examples.
// Use the dropdown menu to select a different driver.

// You are viewing the Node.js driver code examples.
// Use the dropdown menu to select a different driver.

# You are viewing the Python driver code examples.
# Use the dropdown menu to select a different driver.

Create a Customer Master Key

You must create a Customer Master Key (CMK) to perform CSFLE.

Create a 96-byte Customer Master Key and save it in your Local Key Provider, which is your filesystem, as the file master-key.txt:

openssl rand 96 > master-key.txt

Note

Use a Programming Language to Create a Customer Master Key

If you would rather use your preferred programming language to generate your CMK, you can view code snippets demonstrating how to generate a Customer Master Key in each of the supported languages of this guide on GitHub.

Warning

Do Not Use the Local Key Provider in Production

The Local Key Provider is an insecure method of storage and is not recommended for production. Instead, you should store your Customer Master Keys in a remote Key Management System (KMS).

To learn how to use a remote KMS in your CSFLE implementation, see the Tutorials guide.

Create a Unique Index on your Key Vault collection

Create a unique index on the keyAltNames field in your encryption.__keyVault collection.

Select the tab corresponding to your preferred MongoDB driver:

MakeDataKey.cs

var connectionString = "<Your MongoDB URI>";
var keyVaultNamespace = CollectionNamespace.FromFullName("encryption.__keyVault");
var keyVaultClient = new MongoClient(connectionString);
var indexOptions = new CreateIndexOptions<BsonDocument>();
indexOptions.Unique = true;
indexOptions.PartialFilterExpression = new BsonDocument { { "keyAltNames", new BsonDocument { { "$exists", new BsonBoolean(true) } } } };
var builder = Builders<BsonDocument>.IndexKeys;
var indexKeysDocument = builder.Ascending("keyAltNames");
var indexModel = new CreateIndexModel<BsonDocument>(indexKeysDocument, indexOptions);
var keyVaultDatabase = keyVaultClient.GetDatabase(keyVaultNamespace.DatabaseNamespace.ToString());
// Drop the Key Vault Collection in case you created this collection
// in a previous run of this application.  
keyVaultDatabase.DropCollection(keyVaultNamespace.CollectionName);
// Drop the database storing your encrypted fields as all
// the DEKs encrypting those fields were deleted in the preceding line.
keyVaultClient.GetDatabase("medicalRecords").DropCollection("patients");
var keyVaultCollection = keyVaultDatabase.GetCollection<BsonDocument>(keyVaultNamespace.CollectionName.ToString());
keyVaultCollection.Indexes.CreateOne(indexModel);

insert-encrypted-document.go

uri := "<Your MongoDB URI>"
keyVaultClient, err := mongo.Connect(context.TODO(), options.Client().ApplyURI(uri))
if err != nil {
	return fmt.Errorf("Connect error for regular client: %v", err)
}
defer func() {
	_ = keyVaultClient.Disconnect(context.TODO())
}()
keyVaultColl := "__keyVault"
keyVaultDb := "encryption"
keyVaultNamespace := keyVaultDb + "." + keyVaultColl
keyVaultIndex := mongo.IndexModel{
	Keys: bson.D{{"keyAltNames", 1}},
	Options: options.Index().
		SetUnique(true).
		SetPartialFilterExpression(bson.D{
			{"keyAltNames", bson.D{
				{"$exists", true},
			}},
		}),
}
// Drop the Key Vault Collection in case you created this collection
// in a previous run of this application.
if err = keyVaultClient.Database(keyVaultDb).Collection(keyVaultColl).Drop(context.TODO()); err != nil {
	log.Fatalf("Collection.Drop error: %v", err)
}
// Drop the database storing your encrypted fields as all
// the DEKs encrypting those fields were deleted in the preceding line.
if err = keyVaultClient.Database("medicalRecords").Collection("patients").Drop(context.TODO()); err != nil {
	log.Fatalf("Collection.Drop error: %v", err)
}
_, err = keyVaultClient.Database(keyVaultDb).Collection(keyVaultColl).Indexes().CreateOne(context.TODO(), keyVaultIndex)
if err != nil {
	panic(err)
}

MakeDataKey.java

String connectionString = "<Your MongoDB URI>";
String keyVaultDb = "encryption";
String keyVaultColl = "__keyVault";
String keyVaultNamespace = keyVaultDb + "." + keyVaultColl;
MongoClient keyVaultClient = MongoClients.create(connectionString);
// Drop the Key Vault Collection in case you created this collection
// in a previous run of this application.
keyVaultClient.getDatabase(keyVaultDb).getCollection(keyVaultColl).drop();
// Drop the database storing your encrypted fields as all
// the DEKs encrypting those fields were deleted in the preceding line.
keyVaultClient.getDatabase("medicalRecords").getCollection("patients").drop();
MongoCollection keyVaultCollection = keyVaultClient.getDatabase(keyVaultDb).getCollection(keyVaultColl);
IndexOptions indexOpts = new IndexOptions().partialFilterExpression(new BsonDocument("keyAltNames", new BsonDocument("$exists", new BsonBoolean(true) ))).unique(true);
keyVaultCollection.createIndex(new BsonDocument("keyAltNames", new BsonInt32(1)), indexOpts);
keyVaultClient.close();

make_data_key.js

const uri = "<Your Connection String>";
const keyVaultDatabase = "encryption";
const keyVaultCollection = "__keyVault";
const keyVaultNamespace = `${keyVaultDatabase}.${keyVaultCollection}`;
const keyVaultClient = new MongoClient(uri);
await keyVaultClient.connect();
const keyVaultDB = keyVaultClient.db(keyVaultDatabase);
// Drop the Key Vault Collection in case you created this collection
// in a previous run of this application.
await keyVaultDB.dropDatabase();
// Drop the database storing your encrypted fields as all
// the DEKs encrypting those fields were deleted in the preceding line.
await keyVaultClient.db("medicalRecords").dropDatabase();
const keyVaultColl = keyVaultDB.collection(keyVaultCollection);
await keyVaultColl.createIndex(
  { keyAltNames: 1 },
  {
    unique: true,
    partialFilterExpression: { keyAltNames: { $exists: true } },
  }
);

make_data_key.py

connection_string = "<your connection string here>"
key_vault_coll = "__keyVault"
key_vault_db = "encryption"
key_vault_namespace = f"{key_vault_db}.{key_vault_coll}"
key_vault_client = MongoClient(connection_string)
# Drop the Key Vault Collection in case you created this collection
# in a previous run of this application.
key_vault_client.drop_database(key_vault_db)
# Drop the database storing your encrypted fields as all
# the DEKs encrypting those fields were deleted in the preceding line.
key_vault_client["medicalRecords"].drop_collection("patients")
key_vault_client[key_vault_db][key_vault_coll].create_index(
    [("keyAltNames", ASCENDING)],
    unique=True,
    partialFilterExpression={"keyAltNames": {"$exists": True}},
)

Create a Data Encryption Key

Read the Customer Master Key and Specify KMS Provider Settings

Retrieve the contents of the Customer Master Key file that you generated in the Create a Customer Master Key step of this guide.

Pass the CMK value to your KMS provider settings. The client uses these settings to discover the CMK. As you are using the Local Key Provider, set the provider name to local.

MakeDataKey.cs

var kmsProviders = new Dictionary<string, IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object>>();
var provider = "local";
string localMasterKeyBase64Read = File.ReadAllText("master-key.txt");
var localMasterKeyBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(localMasterKeyBase64Read);
var localOptions = new Dictionary<string, object>
{
    { "key", localMasterKeyBytes }
};
kmsProviders.Add("local", localOptions);

make-data-key.go

key, err := ioutil.ReadFile("master-key.txt")
if err != nil {
	log.Fatalf("Could not read the key from master-key.txt: %v", err)
}
provider := "local"
kmsProviders := map[string]map[string]interface{}{"local": {"key": key}}

MakeDataKey.java

String kmsProvider = "local";
String path = "master-key.txt";
byte[] localMasterKeyRead = new byte[96];
try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(path)) {
    if (fis.read(localMasterKeyRead) < 96)
        throw new Exception("Expected to read 96 bytes from file");
}
Map<String, Object> keyMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
keyMap.put("key", localMasterKeyRead);
Map<String, Map<String, Object>> kmsProviders = new HashMap<String, Map<String, Object>>();
kmsProviders.put("local", keyMap);

make_data_key.js

const provider = "local";
const path = "./master-key.txt";
const localMasterKey = fs.readFileSync(path);
const kmsProviders = {
  local: {
    key: localMasterKey,
  },
};

make_data_key.py

path = "./master-key.txt"
with open(path, "rb") as f:
    local_master_key = f.read()
kms_providers = {
    "local": {
        "key": local_master_key  # local_master_key variable from the previous step
    },
}

Create a Data Encryption Key

Construct a client with your MongoDB connection string and Key Vault collection namespace, and create a Data Encryption Key:

Note

Key Vault Collection Namespace Permissions

The Key Vault collection in this guide is the __keyVault collection in the encryption database. Ensure that the database user your application uses to connect to MongoDB has ReadWrite permissions on the encryption.__keyVault namespace.

MakeDataKey.cs

var clientEncryptionOptions = new ClientEncryptionOptions(
    keyVaultClient: keyVaultClient,
    keyVaultNamespace: keyVaultNamespace,
    kmsProviders: kmsProviders
    );
var clientEncryption = new ClientEncryption(clientEncryptionOptions);
var dataKeyOptions = new DataKeyOptions();
var dataKeyId = clientEncryption.CreateDataKey(provider, dataKeyOptions, CancellationToken.None);
var dataKeyIdBase64 = Convert.ToBase64String(GuidConverter.ToBytes(dataKeyId, GuidRepresentation.Standard));
Console.WriteLine($"DataKeyId [base64]: {dataKeyIdBase64}");

make-data-key.go

clientEncryptionOpts := options.ClientEncryption().SetKeyVaultNamespace(keyVaultNamespace).
	SetKmsProviders(kmsProviders)
clientEnc, err := mongo.NewClientEncryption(keyVaultClient, clientEncryptionOpts)
if err != nil {
	return fmt.Errorf("NewClientEncryption error %v", err)
}
defer func() {
	_ = clientEnc.Close(context.TODO())
}()
dataKeyOpts := options.DataKey()
dataKeyID, err := clientEnc.CreateDataKey(context.TODO(), provider, dataKeyOpts)
if err != nil {
	return fmt.Errorf("create data key error %v", err)
}
fmt.Printf("DataKeyId [base64]: %s\n", base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(dataKeyID.Data))

MakeDataKey.java

ClientEncryptionSettings clientEncryptionSettings = ClientEncryptionSettings.builder()
        .keyVaultMongoClientSettings(MongoClientSettings.builder()
                .applyConnectionString(new ConnectionString(connectionString))
                .build())
        .keyVaultNamespace(keyVaultNamespace)
        .kmsProviders(kmsProviders)
        .build();
MongoClient regularClient = MongoClients.create(connectionString);
ClientEncryption clientEncryption = ClientEncryptions.create(clientEncryptionSettings);
BsonBinary dataKeyId = clientEncryption.createDataKey(kmsProvider, new DataKeyOptions());
String base64DataKeyId = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(dataKeyId.getData());
System.out.println("DataKeyId [base64]: " + base64DataKeyId);
clientEncryption.close();

make_data_key.js

const client = new MongoClient(uri, {
  useNewUrlParser: true,
  useUnifiedTopology: true,
});
await client.connect();
const encryption = new ClientEncryption(client, {
  keyVaultNamespace,
  kmsProviders,
});
const key = await encryption.createDataKey(provider);
console.log("DataKeyId [base64]: ", key.toString("base64"));
await keyVaultClient.close();
await client.close();

make_data_key.py

key_vault_database = "encryption"
key_vault_collection = "__keyVault"
key_vault_namespace = f"{key_vault_database}.{key_vault_collection}"
client = MongoClient(connection_string)
client_encryption = ClientEncryption(
    kms_providers,  # pass in the kms_providers variable from the previous step
    key_vault_namespace,
    client,
    CodecOptions(uuid_representation=STANDARD),
)
data_key_id = client_encryption.create_data_key("local")
base_64_data_key_id = base64.b64encode(data_key_id)
print("DataKeyId [base64]: ", base_64_data_key_id)

The output from the code above should resemble the following:

DataKeyId [base64]: 3k13WkSZSLy7kwAAP4HDyQ==

Tip

See: Complete Code

To view the complete code for making a Data Encryption Key, see our Github repository.

Configure the MongoClient

Specify the Key Vault Collection Namespace

Specify encryption.__keyVault as the Key Vault collection namespace.

InsertEncryptedDocument.cs

var keyVaultNamespace = CollectionNamespace.FromFullName("encryption.__keyVault");

insert-encrypted-document.go

keyVaultNamespace := "encryption.__keyVault"

InsertEncryptedDocument.java

String keyVaultNamespace = "encryption.__keyVault";

insert_encrypted_document.js

const keyVaultNamespace = "encryption.__keyVault";

insert_encrypted_document.py

key_vault_namespace = "encryption.__keyVault"

Specify the Local Customer Master Key

Specify the KMS provider and specify your key inline:

InsertEncryptedDocument.cs

var kmsProviders = new Dictionary<string, IReadOnlyDictionary<string, object>>();
var provider = "local";
var localMasterKeyPath = "master-key.txt";
string localMasterKeyBase64Read = File.ReadAllText(localMasterKeyPath);
var localMasterKeyBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(localMasterKeyBase64Read);
var localOptions = new Dictionary<string, object>
{
    { "key", localMasterKeyBytes }
};
kmsProviders.Add(provider, localOptions);

insert-encrypted-document.go

key, err := ioutil.ReadFile("master-key.txt")
if err != nil {
	log.Fatalf("Could not read the key from master-key.txt: %v", err)
}
kmsProviders := map[string]map[string]interface{}{"local": {"key": key}}

InsertEncryptedDocument.java

String kmsProvider = "local";
String path = "master-key.txt";
byte[] localMasterKeyRead = new byte[96];
try (FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(path)) {
    if (fis.read(localMasterKeyRead) < 96)
        throw new Exception("Expected to read 96 bytes from file");
}
Map<String, Object> keyMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
keyMap.put("key", localMasterKeyRead);
Map<String, Map<String, Object>> kmsProviders = new HashMap<String, Map<String, Object>>();
kmsProviders.put("local", keyMap);

insert_encrypted_document.js

const fs = require("fs");
const provider = "local";
const path = "./master-key.txt";
const localMasterKey = fs.readFileSync(path);
const kmsProviders = {
  local: {
    key: localMasterKey,
  },
};

insert_encrypted_document.py

path = "./master-key.txt"
with open(path, "rb") as f:
    local_master_key = f.read()
kms_providers = {
    "local": {
        "key": local_master_key  # local_master_key variable from the previous step
    },
}

Create an Encryption Schema For Your Collection

Tip

Add Your Data Encryption Key Base64 ID

Make sure to update the following code to include your Base64 DEK ID. You received this value in the Generate your Data Encryption Key step of this guide.

InsertEncryptedDocument.cs

var keyId = "<Your base64 DEK ID here>";
var schema = new BsonDocument
{
   { "bsonType", "object" },
   {
       "encryptMetadata",
       new BsonDocument("keyId", new BsonArray(new[] { new BsonBinaryData(Convert.FromBase64String(keyId), BsonBinarySubType.UuidStandard) }))
   },
   {
       "properties",
       new BsonDocument
       {
           {
               "ssn", new BsonDocument
               {
                   {
                       "encrypt", new BsonDocument
                       {
                           { "bsonType", "int" },
                           { "algorithm", "AEAD_AES_256_CBC_HMAC_SHA_512-Deterministic" }
                       }
                   }
               }
           },
           {
               "bloodType", new BsonDocument
               {
                   {
                       "encrypt", new BsonDocument
                       {
                           { "bsonType", "string" },
                           { "algorithm", "AEAD_AES_256_CBC_HMAC_SHA_512-Random" }
                       }
                   }
               }
           },
           {
               "medicalRecords", new BsonDocument
               {
                   {
                       "encrypt", new BsonDocument
                       {
                           { "bsonType", "array" },
                           { "algorithm", "AEAD_AES_256_CBC_HMAC_SHA_512-Random" }
                       }
                   }
               }
           },
           {
               "insurance", new BsonDocument
               {
                   { "bsonType", "object" },
                   {
                       "properties", new BsonDocument
                       {
                           {
                               "policyNumber", new BsonDocument
                               {
                                   {
                                       "encrypt", new BsonDocument
                                       {
                                           { "bsonType", "int" },
                                           { "algorithm", "AEAD_AES_256_CBC_HMAC_SHA_512-Deterministic" }
                                       }
                                   }
                               }
                           }
                       }
                   }
               }
           }
       }
   }
};
var schemaMap = new Dictionary<string, BsonDocument>();
schemaMap.Add(dbNamespace, schema);

insert-encrypted-document.go

dek_id := "<Your Base64 DEK ID>"
schema_template := `{
	"bsonType": "object",
	"encryptMetadata": {
		"keyId": [
			{
				"$binary": {
					"base64": "%s",
					"subType": "04"
				}
			}
		]
	},
	"properties": {
		"insurance": {
			"bsonType": "object",
			"properties": {
				"policyNumber": {
					"encrypt": {
						"bsonType": "int",
						"algorithm": "AEAD_AES_256_CBC_HMAC_SHA_512-Deterministic"
					}
				}
			}
		},
		"medicalRecords": {
			"encrypt": {
				"bsonType": "array",
				"algorithm": "AEAD_AES_256_CBC_HMAC_SHA_512-Random"
			}
		},
		"bloodType": {
			"encrypt": {
				"bsonType": "string",
				"algorithm": "AEAD_AES_256_CBC_HMAC_SHA_512-Random"
			}
		},
		"ssn": {
			"encrypt": {
				"bsonType": "int",
				"algorithm": "AEAD_AES_256_CBC_HMAC_SHA_512-Deterministic"
			}
		}
	}
}`
schema := fmt.Sprintf(schema_template, dek_id)
var schemaDoc bson.Raw
if err := bson.UnmarshalExtJSON([]byte(schema), true, &schemaDoc); err != nil {
	return fmt.Errorf("UnmarshalExtJSON error: %v", err)
}
schemaMap := map[string]interface{}{
	dbName + "." + collName: schemaDoc,
}

InsertEncryptedDocument.java

String dekId = "<paste-base-64-encoded-data-encryption-key-id>>";
Document jsonSchema = new Document().append("bsonType", "object").append("encryptMetadata",
        new Document().append("keyId", new ArrayList<>((Arrays.asList(new Document().append("$binary", new Document()
                .append("base64", dekId)
                .append("subType", "04")))))))
        .append("properties", new Document()
                .append("ssn", new Document().append("encrypt", new Document()
                        .append("bsonType", "int")
                        .append("algorithm", "AEAD_AES_256_CBC_HMAC_SHA_512-Deterministic")))
                .append("bloodType", new Document().append("encrypt", new Document()
                        .append("bsonType", "string")
                        .append("algorithm", "AEAD_AES_256_CBC_HMAC_SHA_512-Random")))
                .append("medicalRecords", new Document().append("encrypt", new Document()
                        .append("bsonType", "array")
                        .append("algorithm", "AEAD_AES_256_CBC_HMAC_SHA_512-Random")))
                .append("insurance", new Document()
                        .append("bsonType", "object")
                        .append("properties",
                                new Document().append("policyNumber", new Document().append("encrypt", new Document()
                                        .append("bsonType", "int")
                                        .append("algorithm", "AEAD_AES_256_CBC_HMAC_SHA_512-Deterministic"))))));
HashMap<String, BsonDocument> schemaMap = new HashMap<String, BsonDocument>();
schemaMap.put("medicalRecords.patients", BsonDocument.parse(jsonSchema.toJson()));

insert_encrypted_document.js

dataKey = "<Your base64 DEK ID>";
const schema = {
  bsonType: "object",
  encryptMetadata: {
    keyId: [new Binary(Buffer.from(dataKey, "base64"), 4)],
  },
  properties: {
    insurance: {
      bsonType: "object",
      properties: {
        policyNumber: {
          encrypt: {
            bsonType: "int",
            algorithm: "AEAD_AES_256_CBC_HMAC_SHA_512-Deterministic",
          },
        },
      },
    },
    medicalRecords: {
      encrypt: {
        bsonType: "array",
        algorithm: "AEAD_AES_256_CBC_HMAC_SHA_512-Random",
      },
    },
    bloodType: {
      encrypt: {
        bsonType: "string",
        algorithm: "AEAD_AES_256_CBC_HMAC_SHA_512-Random",
      },
    },
    ssn: {
      encrypt: {
        bsonType: "int",
        algorithm: "AEAD_AES_256_CBC_HMAC_SHA_512-Deterministic",
      },
    },
  },
};
var patientSchema = {};
patientSchema[namespace] = schema;

insert_encrypted_document.py

dek_id = b"<paste-base-64-encoded-data-encryption-key-id>"
json_schema = {
    "bsonType": "object",
    "encryptMetadata": {"keyId": [Binary(base64.b64decode(dek_id), UUID_SUBTYPE)]},
    "properties": {
        "insurance": {
            "bsonType": "object",
            "properties": {
                "policyNumber": {
                    "encrypt": {
                        "bsonType": "int",
                        "algorithm": "AEAD_AES_256_CBC_HMAC_SHA_512-Deterministic",
                    }
                }
            },
        },
        "medicalRecords": {
            "encrypt": {
                "bsonType": "array",
                "algorithm": "AEAD_AES_256_CBC_HMAC_SHA_512-Random",
            }
        },
        "bloodType": {
            "encrypt": {
                "bsonType": "string",
                "algorithm": "AEAD_AES_256_CBC_HMAC_SHA_512-Random",
            }
        },
        "ssn": {
            "encrypt": {
                "bsonType": "int",
                "algorithm": "AEAD_AES_256_CBC_HMAC_SHA_512-Deterministic",
            }
        },
    },
}
patient_schema = {"medicalRecords.patients": json_schema}
patient_schema = {"medicalRecords.patients": json_schema}

Specify the Location of the Automatic Encryption Shared Library

InsertEncryptedDocument.cs

var mongoBinariesPath = "<Full path to your Automatic Encryption Shared Library>";
var extraOptions = new Dictionary<string, object>()
{
   { "cryptSharedLibPath", mongoBinariesPath },
};

insert-encrypted-document.go

extraOptions := map[string]interface{}{
	"cryptSharedLibPath": "<Full path to your Automatic Encryption Shared Library>",
}

InsertEncryptedDocument.java

Map<String, Object> extraOptions = new HashMap<String, Object>();
extraOptions.put("cryptSharedLibPath", "<Full path to your Automatic Encryption Shared Library>"));

insert_encrypted_document.js

const extraOptions = {
  cryptSharedLibPath: "<Full path to your Automatic Encryption Shared Library>",
};

insert_encrypted_document.py

extra_options = {
    "cryptSharedLibPath": "<Full path to your Automatic Encryption Shared Library>"
}

Note

Automatic Encryption Options

The automatic encryption options provide configuration information to the Automatic Encryption Shared Library, which modifies the application's behavior when accessing encrypted fields.

To learn more about the Automatic Encryption Shared Library, see the Automatic Encryption Shared Library for CSFLE page.

Create the MongoClient

Instantiate a MongoDB client object with the following automatic encryption settings:

InsertEncryptedDocument.cs

var clientSettings = MongoClientSettings.FromConnectionString(connectionString);
var autoEncryptionOptions = new AutoEncryptionOptions(
    keyVaultNamespace: keyVaultNamespace,
    kmsProviders: kmsProviders,
    schemaMap: schemaMap,
    extraOptions: extraOptions
    );
clientSettings.AutoEncryptionOptions = autoEncryptionOptions;
var secureClient = new MongoClient(clientSettings);

insert-encrypted-document.go

autoEncryptionOpts := options.AutoEncryption().
	SetKmsProviders(kmsProviders).
	SetKeyVaultNamespace(keyVaultNamespace).
	SetSchemaMap(schemaMap).
	SetExtraOptions(extraOptions)
secureClient, err := mongo.Connect(context.TODO(), options.Client().ApplyURI(uri).SetAutoEncryptionOptions(autoEncryptionOpts))
if err != nil {
	return fmt.Errorf("Connect error for encrypted client: %v", err)
}
defer func() {
	_ = secureClient.Disconnect(context.TODO())
}()

InsertEncryptedDocument.java

MongoClientSettings clientSettings = MongoClientSettings.builder()
    .applyConnectionString(new ConnectionString(connectionString))
    .autoEncryptionSettings(AutoEncryptionSettings.builder()
        .keyVaultNamespace(keyVaultNamespace)
        .kmsProviders(kmsProviders)
        .schemaMap(schemaMap)
        .extraOptions(extraOptions)
        .build())
    .build();
MongoClient mongoClientSecure = MongoClients.create(clientSettings);

insert_encrypted_document.js

const secureClient = new MongoClient(connectionString, {
  useNewUrlParser: true,
  useUnifiedTopology: true,
  autoEncryption: {
    keyVaultNamespace,
    kmsProviders,
    schemaMap: patientSchema,
    extraOptions: extraOptions,
  },
});

insert_encrypted_document.py

fle_opts = AutoEncryptionOpts(
    kms_providers, key_vault_namespace, schema_map=patient_schema, **extra_options
)
secureClient = MongoClient(connection_string, auto_encryption_opts=fle_opts)

Insert a Document with Encrypted Fields

Use your CSFLE-enabled MongoClient instance to insert an encrypted document into the medicalRecords.patients namespace using the following code snippet:

InsertEncryptedDocument.cs

var sampleDocFields = new BsonDocument
{
    { "name", "Jon Doe" },
    { "ssn", 145014000 },
    { "bloodType", "AB-" },
    {
        "medicalRecords", new BsonArray
        {
            new BsonDocument("weight", 180),
            new BsonDocument("bloodPressure", "120/80")
        }
    },
    {
        "insurance", new BsonDocument
        {
            { "policyNumber", 123142 },
            { "provider", "MaestCare" }
        }
    }
};
// Construct an auto-encrypting client
var secureCollection = secureClient.GetDatabase(db).GetCollection<BsonDocument>(coll);
// Insert a document into the collection
secureCollection.InsertOne(sampleDocFields);

insert-encrypted-document.go

test_patient := map[string]interface{}{
	"name":      "Jon Doe",
	"ssn":       241014209,
	"bloodType": "AB+",
	"medicalRecords": []map[string]interface{}{{
		"weight":        180,
		"bloodPressure": "120/80",
	}},
	"insurance": map[string]interface{}{
		"provider":     "MaestCare",
		"policyNumber": 123142,
	},
}
if _, err := secureClient.Database(dbName).Collection(collName).InsertOne(context.TODO(), test_patient); err != nil {
	return fmt.Errorf("InsertOne error: %v", err)
}

Note

Rather than creating a raw BSON document, you can pass a struct with bson tags directly to the driver for encoding.

InsertEncryptedDocument.java

ArrayList<Document> medicalRecords = new ArrayList<>();
medicalRecords.add(new Document().append("weight", "180"));
medicalRecords.add(new Document().append("bloodPressure", "120/80"));
Document insurance = new Document()
.append("policyNumber", 123142)
.append("provider",  "MaestCare");
Document patient = new Document()
    .append("name", "Jon Doe")
    .append("ssn", 241014209)
    .append("bloodType", "AB+")
    .append("medicalRecords", medicalRecords)
    .append("insurance", insurance);
mongoClientSecure.getDatabase(recordsDb).getCollection(recordsColl).insertOne(patient);

insert_encrypted_document.js

try {
  const writeResult = await secureClient
    .db(db)
    .collection(coll)
    .insertOne({
      name: "Jon Doe",
      ssn: 241014209,
      bloodType: "AB+",
      medicalRecords: [{ weight: 180, bloodPressure: "120/80" }],
      insurance: {
        policyNumber: 123142,
        provider: "MaestCare",
      },
    });
} catch (writeError) {
  console.error("writeError occurred:", writeError);
}

insert_encrypted_document.py

def insert_patient(
    collection, name, ssn, blood_type, medical_records, policy_number, provider
):
    insurance = {"policyNumber": policy_number, "provider": provider}
    doc = {
        "name": name,
        "ssn": ssn,
        "bloodType": blood_type,
        "medicalRecords": medical_records,
        "insurance": insurance,
    }
    collection.insert_one(doc)
medical_record = [{"weight": 180, "bloodPressure": "120/80"}]
insert_patient(
    secureClient.medicalRecords.patients,
    "Jon Doe",
    241014209,
    "AB+",
    medical_record,
    123142,
    "MaestCare",
)

When you insert a document, your CSFLE-enabled client encrypts the fields of your document such that it resembles the following:

{
  "_id": { "$oid": "<_id of your document>" },
  "name": "Jon Doe",
  "ssn": {
    "$binary": "<cipher-text>",
    "$type": "6"
  },
  "bloodType": {
    "$binary": "<cipher-text>",
    "$type": "6"
  },
  "medicalRecords": {
    "$binary": "<cipher-text>",
    "$type": "6"
  },
  "insurance": {
    "provider": "MaestCare",
    "policyNumber": {
      "$binary": "<cipher-text>",
      "$type": "6"
    }
  }
}

Tip

See: Complete Code

To view the complete code for inserting an encrypted document, see our Github repository

To view the complete code for inserting an encrypted document, see our Github repository.

Retrieve Your Encrypted Document

Retrieve the encrypted document you inserted in the Insert a Document with Encrypted Fields step of this guide.

To show the functionality of CSFLE, the following code snippet queries for your document with a client configured for automatic CSFLE as well as a client that is not configured for automatic CSFLE.

InsertEncryptedDocument.cs

Console.WriteLine("Finding a document with regular (non-encrypted) client.");
var filter = Builders<BsonDocument>.Filter.Eq("name", "Jon Doe");
var regularResult = regularCollection.Find(filter).Limit(1).ToList()[0];
Console.WriteLine($"\n{regularResult}\n");
Console.WriteLine("Finding a document with encrypted client, searching on an encrypted field");
var ssnFilter = Builders<BsonDocument>.Filter.Eq("ssn", 145014000);
var secureResult = secureCollection.Find(ssnFilter).Limit(1).First();
Console.WriteLine($"\n{secureResult}\n");

insert-encrypted-document.go

fmt.Println("Finding a document with regular (non-encrypted) client.")
var resultRegular bson.M
err = regularClient.Database(dbName).Collection(collName).FindOne(context.TODO(), bson.D{{"name", "Jon Doe"}}).Decode(&resultRegular)
if err != nil {
	panic(err)
}
outputRegular, err := json.MarshalIndent(resultRegular, "", "    ")
if err != nil {
	panic(err)
}
fmt.Printf("%s\n", outputRegular)
fmt.Println("Finding a document with encrypted client, searching on an encrypted field")
var resultSecure bson.M
err = secureClient.Database(dbName).Collection(collName).FindOne(context.TODO(), bson.D{{"ssn", "241014209"}}).Decode(&resultSecure)
if err != nil {
	panic(err)
}
outputSecure, err := json.MarshalIndent(resultSecure, "", "    ")
if err != nil {
	panic(err)
}
fmt.Printf("%s\n", outputSecure)

InsertEncryptedDocument.java

System.out.println("Finding a document with regular (non-encrypted) client.");
Document docRegular = mongoClientRegular.getDatabase(recordsDb).getCollection(recordsColl).find(eq("name", "Jon Doe")).first();
System.out.println(docRegular.toJson());
System.out.println("Finding a document with encrypted client, searching on an encrypted field");
Document docSecure = mongoClientSecure.getDatabase(recordsDb).getCollection(recordsColl).find(eq("ssn", 241014209)).first();
System.out.println(docSecure.toJson());

insert_encrypted_document.js

console.log("Finding a document with regular (non-encrypted) client.");
console.log(
  await regularClient.db(db).collection(coll).findOne({ name: /Jon/ })
);
console.log(
  "Finding a document with encrypted client, searching on an encrypted field"
);
console.log(
  await secureClient.db(db).collection(coll).findOne({ ssn: "241014209" })
);

insert_encrypted_document.py

print("Finding a document with regular (non-encrypted) client.")
result = regularClient.medicalRecords.patients.find_one({"name": "Jon Doe"})
pprint.pprint(result)
print("Finding a document with encrypted client, searching on an encrypted field")
pprint.pprint(secureClient.medicalRecords.patients.find_one({"ssn": 241014209}))

The output of the preceding code snippet should look like this:

Finding a document with regular (non-encrypted) client.
{
  _id: new ObjectId("629a452e0861b3130887103a"),
  name: 'Jon Doe',
  ssn: new Binary(Buffer.from("0217482732d8014cdd9ffdd6e2966e5e7910c20697e5f4fa95710aafc9153f0a3dc769c8a132a604b468732ff1f4d8349ded3244b59cbfb41444a210f28b21ea1b6c737508d9d30e8baa30c1d8070c4d5e26", "hex"), 6),
  bloodType: new Binary(Buffer.from("0217482732d8014cdd9ffdd6e2966e5e79022e238536dfd8caadb4d7751ac940e0f195addd7e5c67b61022d02faa90283ab69e02303c7e4001d1996128428bf037dea8bbf59fbb20c583cbcff2bf3e2519b4", "hex"), 6),
  'key-id': 'demo-data-key',
  medicalRecords: new Binary(Buffer.from("0217482732d8014cdd9ffdd6e2966e5e790405163a3207cff175455106f57eef14e5610c49a99bcbd14a7db9c5284e45e3ee30c149354015f941440bf54725d6492fb3b8704bc7c411cff6c868e4e13c58233c3d5ed9593eca4e4d027d76d3705b6d1f3b3c9e2ceee195fd944b553eb27eee69e5e67c338f146f8445995664980bf0", "hex"), 6),
  insurance: {
    policyNumber: new Binary(Buffer.from("0217482732d8014cdd9ffdd6e2966e5e79108decd85c05be3fec099e015f9d26d9234605dc959cc1a19b63072f7ffda99db38c7b487de0572a03b2139ac3ee163bcc40c8508f366ce92a5dd36e38b3c742f7", "hex"), 6),
    provider: 'MaestCare'
  }
}
Finding a document with encrypted client, searching on an encrypted field
{
  _id: new ObjectId("629a452e0861b3130887103a"),
  name: 'Jon Doe',
  ssn: 241014209,
  bloodType: 'AB+',
  'key-id': 'demo-data-key',
  medicalRecords: [ { weight: 180, bloodPressure: '120/80' } ],
  insurance: { policyNumber: 123142, provider: 'MaestCare' }
}

Tip

See: Complete Code

To view the complete code for finding an encrypted document, see our Github repository

To view the complete code for finding an encrypted document, see our Github repository.

Learn More

To view a tutorial on production-ready CSFLE with a remote KMS, see Tutorials.

To learn how CSFLE works, see Fundamentals.

To learn more about the topics mentioned in this guide, see the following links:

Back

Installation

Fundamentals