Connect to a MongoDB Database Using Node.js
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Use Node.js? Want to learn MongoDB? This is the blog series for you!
In this Quick Start series, I'll walk you through the basics of how to get started using MongoDB with Node.js. In today's post, we'll work through connecting to a MongoDB database from a Node.js script, retrieving a list of databases, and printing the results to your console.
This post uses MongoDB 4.4, MongoDB Node.js Driver 3.6.4, and Node.js 14.15.4.
Click here to see a previous version of this post that uses MongoDB 4.0, MongoDB Node.js Driver 3.3.2, and Node.js 10.16.3.
Prefer to learn by video? I've got ya covered. Check out the video below that covers how to get connected as well as how to perform the CRUD operations.
Before we begin, we need to ensure you've completed a few prerequisite steps.
First, make sure you have a supported version of Node.js installed. The current version of MongoDB Node.js Driver requires Node 4.x or greater. For these examples, I've used Node.js 14.15.4. See the MongoDB Compatability docs for more information on which version of Node.js is required for each version of the Node.js driver.
The MongoDB Node.js Driver allows you to easily interact with MongoDB databases from within Node.js applications. You'll need the driver in order to connect to your database and execute the queries described in this Quick Start series.
If you don't have the MongoDB Node.js Driver installed, you can install it with the following command.
1 npm install mongodb
At the time of writing, this installed version 3.6.4 of the driver. Running
npm list mongodb will display the currently installed driver version number. For more details on the driver and installation, see the official documentation.Next, you'll need a MongoDB database. The easiest way to get started with MongoDB is to use Atlas, MongoDB's fully-managed database-as-a-service.
Head over to Atlas and create a new cluster in the free tier. At a high level, a cluster is a set of nodes where copies of your database will be stored. Once your tier is created, load the sample data. If you're not familiar with how to create a new cluster and load the sample data, check out this video tutorial from MongoDB Developer Advocate Maxime Beugnet.
Get started with an M0 cluster on Atlas today. It's free forever, and it's the easiest way to try out the steps in this blog series.
The final step is to prep your cluster for connection.
The Wizard will prompt you to add your current IP address to the IP Access List and create a MongoDB user if you haven't already done so. Be sure to note the username and password you use for the new MongoDB user as you'll need them in a later step.
Next, the Wizard will prompt you to choose a connection method. Select Connect Your Application. When the Wizard prompts you to select your driver version, select Node.js and 3.6 or later. Copy the provided connection string.
For more details on how to access the Connection Wizard and complete the steps described above, see the official documentation.
Now that everything is set up, it's time to code! Let's write a Node.js script that connects to your database and lists the databases in your cluster.
The MongoDB module exports
MongoClient, and that's what we'll use to connect to a MongoDB database. We can use an instance of MongoClient to connect to a cluster, access the database in that cluster, and close the connection to that cluster.1 const { MongoClient } = require('mongodb');
Let's create an asynchronous function named
main() where we will connect to our MongoDB cluster, call functions that query our database, and disconnect from our cluster.1 async function main() { 2 // we'll add code here soon 3 }
The first thing we need to do inside of
main() is create a constant for our connection URI. The connection URI is the connection string you copied in Atlas in the previous section. When you paste the connection string, don't forget to update <username> and <password> to be the credentials for the user you created in the previous section. The connection string includes a <dbname> placeholder. For these examples, we'll be using the sample_airbnb database, so replace <dbname> with sample_airbnb.Note: The username and password you provide in the connection string are NOT the same as your Atlas credentials.
1 /** 2 * Connection URI. Update <username>, <password>, and <your-cluster-url> to reflect your cluster. 3 * See https://mongodb.prakticum-team.ru/proxy/docs.mongodb.com/ecosystem/drivers/node/ for more details 4 */ 5 const uri = "mongodb+srv://<username>:<password>@<your-cluster-url>/sample_airbnb?retryWrites=true&w=majority";
Now that we have our URI, we can create an instance of MongoClient.
1 const client = new MongoClient(uri);
Note: When you run this code, you may see DeprecationWarnings around the URL string
parser and the Server Discover and Monitoring engine. If you see these warnings, you can remove them by passing options to the MongoClient. For example, you could instantiate MongoClient by calling new MongoClient(uri, { useNewUrlParser: true, useUnifiedTopology: true }). See the Node.js MongoDB Driver API documentation for more information on these options.1 await client.connect();
We can now interact with our database. Let's build a function that prints the names of the databases in this cluster. It's often useful to contain this logic in well named functions in order to improve the readability of your codebase. Throughout this series, we'll create new functions similar to the function we're creating here as we learn how to write different types of queries. For now, let's call a function named
listDatabases().1 await listDatabases(client);
Let's wrap our calls to functions that interact with the database in a
try/catch statement so that we handle any unexpected errors.1 try { 2 await client.connect(); 3 4 await listDatabases(client); 5 6 } catch (e) { 7 console.error(e); 8 }
We want to be sure we close the connection to our cluster, so we'll end our
try/catch with a finally statement.1 finally { 2 await client.close(); 3 }
Once we have our
main() function written, we need to call it. Let's send the errors to the console.1 main().catch(console.error);
Putting it all together, our
main() function and our call to it will look something like the following.1 async function main(){ 2 /** 3 * Connection URI. Update <username>, <password>, and <your-cluster-url> to reflect your cluster. 4 * See https://mongodb.prakticum-team.ru/proxy/docs.mongodb.com/ecosystem/drivers/node/ for more details 5 */ 6 const uri = "mongodb+srv://<username>:<password>@<your-cluster-url>/sample_airbnb?retryWrites=true&w=majority"; 7 8 9 const client = new MongoClient(uri); 10 11 try { 12 // Connect to the MongoDB cluster 13 await client.connect(); 14 15 // Make the appropriate DB calls 16 await listDatabases(client); 17 18 } catch (e) { 19 console.error(e); 20 } finally { 21 await client.close(); 22 } 23 } 24 25 main().catch(console.error);
In the previous section, we referenced the
listDatabases() function. Let's implement it!This function will retrieve a list of databases in our cluster and print the results in the console.
1 async function listDatabases(client){ 2 databasesList = await client.db().admin().listDatabases(); 3 4 console.log("Databases:"); 5 databasesList.databases.forEach(db => console.log(` - ${db.name}`)); 6 };
You've been implementing a lot of code. Save your changes, and name your file something like
connection.js. To see a copy of the complete file, visit the nodejs-quickstart GitHub repo.Now you're ready to test your code! Execute your script by running a command like the following in your terminal:
node connection.jsYou will see output like the following:
1 Databases: 2 - sample_airbnb 3 - sample_geospatial 4 - sample_mflix 5 - sample_supplies 6 - sample_training 7 - sample_weatherdata 8 - admin 9 - local
Today, you were able to connect to a MongoDB database from a Node.js script, retrieve a list of databases in your cluster, and view the results in your console. Nice!
Now that you're connected to your database, continue on to the next post in this series where you'll learn to execute each of the CRUD (create, read, update, and delete) operations.
In the meantime, check out the following resources:
Questions? Comments? We'd love to connect with you. Join the conversation on the MongoDB Community Forums.